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Passaic-class monitor
The ''Passaic''-class ironclad monitors of the U.S. Navy saw service in the U.S. Civil War and the Spanish-American War. The last such monitor was stricken from the Navy List in 1937. This highly successful class was an improved version of the ''Monitor'' equipped with a XV-inch Dahlgren gun in place of one of the XI-inchers.〔Silverstone, p. 5〕
==Design==
Naval architect and engineer John Ericsson designed the ''Passaic''-class warships, drawing upon lessons learned from the first USS ''Monitor'', which he also designed. The ''Passaic'' monitors were larger than the original ''Monitor'' and had their pilothouses atop the turret, rather than near the bow. This allowed a wider field of view and easier communications between captain, pilot and crew. The shape of the hull was an improvement with a less pronounced overhang than the ''Monitor''. The ''Passaic'' class featured an funnel and improved ventilation.
Having observed the new 15" Rodman cannon in fortifications and disappointed with the performance of the XI-inch Dahlgren versus the CSS ''Virginia'', Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Fox required the new monitors to be equipped with at least one gun of 15" caliber, resulting in rush production of a new XV-inch Dahlgren.〔Tucker, ''Arming the Fleet'' pp. 218–220〕〔Olmstead, ''The Big Guns'', p. 91〕 The turret was in diameter inside with the gun mounted flush because the muzzle diameter was too large for the turret opening. The large volume of propellant gases released inside the turret required the addition of a "smoke box" at the muzzle in the interior of the turret.〔Olmstead, ''The Big Guns'', p. 94〕 As a result, the 15 in gunners could not see their targets and had to aim with the or guns. The ''Lehigh'' had her 11 inch smoothbore replaced with an 8 inch Parrot. The ''Passaic'' also had this modification by July 1863, and, eventually, all surviving members of this class had an additional 15 inch smoothbore added.
Later improvements included an additional 50 tons of deck plating over the magazines and machinery spaces as well as rings fitted around the turret and pilot houses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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